Qianhao Liu

This article studies the way natural geography, regional cultural identity, socio- economic factors, historical continuity, and lyrical musical traditions contributed to the development and aesthetic character of Kunqu opera. The material is analysed through the lens of cultural and artistic geography. The authors argue that Kunqu’s emergence in its historical context and its continued relevance today were conditioned with markedly Chinese cultural elements. Being a foundational condition for human artistic creation and material culture, the natural environment has shaped unique aesthetic sensibilities over time. Specifically, the geographic conditions of Suzhou, where Kunqu opera appeared, have played a crucial role in the formation of its distinctive aesthetic style. Moreover, geography fosters a unique regional cultural ethos that underpins Kunqu’s artistic vitality. The socio-economic development of different historical periods is shown to have significantly impacted the evolution of Kunqu. The authors conclude that diverse musical forms and lyrical traditions occurred in various dynasties served as vital sources of its artistic life and continuity; they incorporated to shape Kunqu’s aesthetic temperament.